Thai has two passive markers and they are not stylistic variants of each other.
โดน is the everyday one and it carries adversity in the word itself: it is also a verb meaning to be hit by something. Whatever follows it happened to you and you did not want it. ถูก is the same construction in a flatter register, the one used in writing, in the news and in law. It is still overwhelmingly used for unwelcome events, but it does not shout.
- โดนปรับdoːn pràp
got fined
- โดนด่าdoːn dàː
got told off
- ถูกจับtʰùːk tɕàp
was arrested
the newspaper's version of the same shape
Which means most French passives do not translate
French and English use the passive freely for neutral and positive things: the house was built, the prize was awarded, she was invited. Rendering any of those with โดน produces something comic, and with ถูก something faintly ominous.
For neutral events, say it actively, or leave the agent out and let the topic-comment structure of week 4 do the work: name the thing, then say what happened. For receiving something good, ได้รับ is the ordinary word.
- ได้รับdâj.ráp
to receive
the neutral and positive counterpart
ถูก is three words again
ถูก is also 'cheap' and also 'correct', which puts it alongside ที่ and เลย. Position sorts them out with no ambiguity in practice.
In front of a verb it is the passive. After a noun, or standing alone as a comment, it is the adjective. You have been using the adjective since week 3 without ever confusing the two.
- ถูกtʰùːk
cheap; correct
- ถูกจับtʰùːk tɕàp
was arrested
same syllable, different slot