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3 min read · week 6

Why Thai has no infinitive

Where is the 'to' in 'go to buy'?

You have an advantage here that English speakers do not. French already puts two bare verbs in a row with nothing between them: aller acheter, venir voir, faire manger. English has to insert 'to'. Thai works like the French version, and then extends it much further.

A Thai clause can carry three or four verbs in sequence with no conjunction, no preposition and no change of form on any of them. The order is the grammar.

  • ไปซื้อข้าวpaj sɯ́ː kʰâːw

    go and buy food

    two verbs, no glue

  • ออกไปซื้อʔɔ̀ːk paj sɯ́ː

    go out to buy something

    three

The order carries the meaning

Because nothing is marked, reversing two verbs produces a different sentence rather than a mistake. The first verb tends to set the frame and the last one tends to be the point.

This is worth testing on yourself with a pair you already know, because the difference is entirely in the sequence and there is nothing else to attend to.

  • เดินไปdɤːn paj

    walk there

    the going is the point, on foot

  • ไปเดินpaj dɤːn

    go for a walk

    the walking is the point

  • พาไปpʰaː paj

    take someone there

  • เอาไปให้ʔaw paj hâj

    take it and give it to them

    three verbs, one event

The French error to watch for

เพื่อ means 'in order to' and it is a real word. The trouble is that pour is nearly weightless in French, so French speakers reach for เพื่อ at French frequency and produce sentences that sound like a legal document.

Default to the bare chain. Use เพื่อ only when the purpose is genuinely being contrasted with some other purpose, which is much rarer than your instinct will suggest.